qutebrowser/doc/help/configuring.asciidoc

Configuring qutebrowser
=======================

IMPORTANT: qutebrowser's configuration system was completely rewritten in
September 2017. This information is not applicable to older releases, and older
information elsewhere might be outdated.

qutebrowser's config files
--------------------------

qutebrowser releases before v1.0.0 had a `qutebrowser.conf` and `keys.conf`
file. Those are not used anymore since v1.0.0.

When using `:set` and `:bind`, changes are saved to an `autoconfig.yml` file
automatically. If you don't want to have a config file which is curated by
hand, you can simply use those - see
<<autoconfig,"Configuring qutebrowser via the user interface">> for details.

For more advanced configuration, you can write a `config.py` file - see
<<configpy,"Configuring qutebrowser via config.py">>. When a `config.py`
exists, the `autoconfig.yml` file **is not read anymore** by default. You need
to <<configpy-autoconfig,load it from `config.py`>> if you want settings changed via
`:set`/`:bind` to persist between restarts.

[[patterns]]
URL pattern support
-------------------

Many settings are customizable depending on the page being visited by using URL
patterns. The link:settings{outfilesuffix}[settings documentation] marks such
settings with "This setting supports URL patterns.

The syntax is based on Chromium's
https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/mv3/match_patterns/[URL pattern syntax].
As an extension, the scheme and path can be left off as a short-hand syntax, so
`example.com` is equivalent to `*://example.com/*`.

[[autoconfig]]
Configuring qutebrowser via the user interface
----------------------------------------------

The easy (but less flexible) way to configure qutebrowser is using its user
interface or command line. Changes you make this way are immediately active
(with the exception of a few settings, where this is pointed out in the
documentation) and are persisted in an `autoconfig.yml` file.

The `autoconfig.yml` file is located in the "config" folder listed on the
link:qute://version[] page. On macOS, the "auto config" folder is used, which is
different from where hand-written config files are kept.

However, **do not** edit `autoconfig.yml` by hand. Instead, see the next
section.

If you want to customize many settings, you can open the link:qute://settings[]
page by running `:set` without any arguments, where all settings are listed and
customizable.

Using the link:commands{outfilesuffix}#set[`:set`] command and command completion, you
can quickly set settings interactively, for example `:set tabs.position left`.

<<patterns,URL patterns>> can be used via
`:set --pattern *://example.com/* content.images false`, or with shorthand
syntax for both argument and pattern, `:set -u example.com content.images
false`.

To get more help about a setting, use e.g. `:help tabs.position`.

To bind and unbind keys, you can use the link:commands{outfilesuffix}#bind[`:bind`] and
link:commands{outfilesuffix}#unbind[`:unbind`] commands:

- Binding the key chain `,v` to the `:spawn mpv {url}` command:
  `:bind ,v spawn mpv {url}`
- Unbinding the same key chain: `:unbind ,v`

Key chains starting with a comma are ideal for custom bindings, as the comma key
will never be used in a default keybinding.

See the help pages linked above (or `:help :bind`, `:help :unbind`) for more
information.

Other useful commands for config manipulation are
link:commands{outfilesuffix}#config-unset[`:config-unset`] to reset a value to its default,
link:commands{outfilesuffix}#config-clear[`:config-clear`] to reset the entire configuration,
and link:commands{outfilesuffix}#config-cycle[`:config-cycle`] to cycle a setting between
different values.

[[configpy]]
Configuring qutebrowser via config.py
-------------------------------------

For more powerful configuration possibilities, you can create a `config.py`
file. Since it's a Python file, you have much more flexibility for
configuration. Note that qutebrowser will never touch this file - this means
you'll be responsible for updating it when upgrading to a newer qutebrowser
version.

You can run `:config-edit` inside qutebrowser to open the file in your editor,
`:config-source` to reload the file (`:config-edit` does this automatically), or
`:config-write-py --defaults` to write a template file to work with.

The file should be located in the "config" location listed on
link:qute://version[], which is typically `~/.config/qutebrowser/config.py` on
Linux, `~/.qutebrowser/config.py` on macOS, and
`%APPDATA%/qutebrowser/config/config.py` on Windows.

Two global objects are pre-defined when running `config.py`: `c` and `config`.

Changing settings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

While you can set settings using the `config.set()` method (which is explained
in the next section), it's easier to use the `c` shorthand object to easily set
settings like this:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
c.tabs.position = "left"
c.completion.shrink = True
----

Note that qutebrowser does some Python magic so it's able to warn you about
mistyped config settings. As an example, if you do `c.tabs.possition = "left"`,
you'll get an error when starting.

See the link:settings{outfilesuffix}[settings help page] for all available settings. The
accepted values depend on the type of the option. Commonly used are:

- Strings: `c.tabs.position = "left"`
- Booleans: `c.completion.shrink = True`
- Integers: `c.messages.timeout = 5000`
- Dictionaries:
  * `c.content.headers.custom = {'X-Hello': 'World', 'X-Awesome': 'yes'}` to override
    any other values in the dictionary.
  * `c.aliases['foo'] = 'message-info foo'` to add a single value.
- Lists:
  * `c.url.start_pages = ["https://www.qutebrowser.org/"]` to override any
    previous elements.
  * `c.url.start_pages.append("https://www.python.org/")` to add a new value.

Any other config types (e.g. a color) are specified as a string. The only
exception is the `Regex` type, which can take either a string (with an `r`
prefix to preserve backslashes) or a Python regex object:

- `c.hints.next_regexes.append(r'\bvor\b')`
- `c.hints.prev_regexes.append(re.compile(r'\bzurück\b'))`

If you want to read a setting, you can use the `c` object to do so as well:
`c.colors.tabs.even.bg = c.colors.tabs.odd.bg`.

Using strings for setting names
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you want to set settings based on their name as a string, use the
`config.set` method:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
# Equivalent to:
# c.content.javascript.enabled = False
config.set('content.javascript.enabled', False)
----

To read a setting, use the `config.get` method:

[source,python]
----
# Equivalent to:
# color = c.colors.completion.fg
color = config.get('colors.completion.fg')
----

Per-domain settings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Using `config.set` instead of the `c.` shorthand, many settings are also
customizable for a given <<patterns,URL patterns>>.

[source,python]
----
config.set('content.images', False, '*://example.com/')
----

Alternatively, you can use `with config.pattern(...) as p:` to get a shortcut
similar to `c.` which is scoped to the given domain:

[source,python]
----
with config.pattern('*://example.com/') as p:
    p.content.images = False
----

Binding keys
~~~~~~~~~~~~

While it's possible to change the `bindings.commands` setting to customize the keyboard shortcuts, it's
preferred to use the `config.bind` command. Doing so ensures the commands are
valid and normalizes different expressions which map to the same key.

For details on how to specify keys and the available modes, see the
link:settings{outfilesuffix}#bindings.commands[documentation] for the `bindings.commands`
setting.

To bind a key:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
config.bind('<Ctrl-v>', 'spawn mpv {url}')
----

To bind a key in a mode other than `'normal'`, add a `mode` argument:

[source,python]
----
config.bind('<Ctrl-y>', 'prompt-yes', mode='prompt')
----

To unbind a key (either a key which has been bound before, or a default binding):

[source,python]
----
config.unbind('<Ctrl-v>', mode='normal')
----

To bind keys without modifiers, specify a key chain to bind as a string. Key
chains starting with a comma are ideal for custom bindings, as the comma key
will never be used in a default keybinding.

[source,python]
----
config.bind(',v', 'spawn mpv {url}')
----

To suppress loading of any default keybindings, you can set
`c.bindings.default = {}`.

[[configpy-autoconfig]]
Loading `autoconfig.yml`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

All customization done via the UI (`:set`, `:bind` and `:unbind`) is
stored in the `autoconfig.yml` file. When a `config.py` file exists, `autoconfig.yml`
is not loaded automatically. To load `autoconfig.yml` automatically, add the
following snippet to `config.py`:

[source,python]
----
config.load_autoconfig()
----

You can configure which file overrides the other by the location of the above code snippet.
Place the snippet at the top to allow `config.py` to override `autoconfig.yml`.
Place the snippet at the bottom for the opposite effect.

Importing other modules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can import any module from the
https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html[Python standard library] (e.g.
`import os.path`), as well as any module installed in the environment
qutebrowser is run with.

If you have an `utils.py` file in your qutebrowser config folder, you can import
that via `import utils` as well.

While it's in some cases possible to import code from the qutebrowser
installation, doing so is unsupported and discouraged.

To read config data from a different file with `c` and `config` available, you
can use `config.source('otherfile.py')` in your `config.py`.

Getting the config directory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you need to get the qutebrowser config directory, you can do so by reading
`config.configdir`. Similarly, you can get the qutebrowser data directory via
`config.datadir`.

This gives you a https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html[`pathlib.Path`
object], on which you can use `/` to add more directory parts, or `str(...)` to
get a string:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
print(str(config.configdir / 'config.py'))
----

Handling errors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If there are errors in your `config.py`, qutebrowser will try to apply as much
of it as possible, and show an error dialog before starting.

qutebrowser tries to display errors which are easy to understand even for people
who are not used to writing Python. If you see a config error which you find
confusing or you think qutebrowser could handle better, please
https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/issues[open an issue]!

Recipes
~~~~~~~

Reading a YAML file
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To read a YAML config like this:

.config.yml:
----
tabs.position: left
tabs.show: switching
----

You can use:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
import yaml

with (config.configdir / 'config.yml').open() as f:
    yaml_data = yaml.safe_load(f)

for k, v in yaml_data.items():
    config.set(k, v)
----

Reading a nested YAML file
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To read a YAML file with nested values like this:

.colors.yml:
----
colors:
  statusbar:
    normal:
      bg: lime
      fg: black
    url:
      fg: red
----

You can use:

.config.py:
[source,python]
----
import yaml

with (config.configdir / 'colors.yml').open() as f:
    yaml_data = yaml.safe_load(f)

def dict_attrs(obj, path=''):
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        for k, v in obj.items():
            yield from dict_attrs(v, '{}.{}'.format(path, k) if path else k)
    else:
        yield path, obj

for k, v in dict_attrs(yaml_data):
    config.set(k, v)
----

Note that this won't work for values which are dictionaries.

Binding chained commands
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you have a lot of chained commands you want to bind, you can write a helper
to do so:

[source,python]
----
def bind_chained(key, *commands):
    config.bind(key, ' ;; '.join(commands))

bind_chained('<Escape>', 'clear-keychain', 'search')
----

Reading colors from Xresources
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can use something like this to read colors from an `~/.Xresources` file:

[source,python]
----
import subprocess

def read_xresources(prefix):
    props = {}
    x = subprocess.run(['xrdb', '-query'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    lines = x.stdout.decode().split('\n')
    for line in filter(lambda l : l.startswith(prefix), lines):
        prop, _, value = line.partition(':\t')
        props[prop] = value
    return props

xresources = read_xresources('*')
c.colors.statusbar.normal.bg = xresources['*.background']
----

Pre-built colorschemes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

- A collection of https://github.com/chriskempson/base16[base16] color-schemes can be found in https://github.com/theova/base16-qutebrowser[base16-qutebrowser] and used with https://github.com/AuditeMarlow/base16-manager[base16-manager].
- Another collection: https://github.com/leosolid/qutebrowser-themes[qutebrowser-themes]
- https://gitlab.com/jjzmajic/qutewal[Pywal integration]
- https://github.com/arcticicestudio/nord[Nord]: https://github.com/Linuus/nord-qutebrowser[Linuus], https://github.com/KnownAsDon/QuteBrowser-Nord-Theme[KnownAsDon]
- https://github.com/dracula/qutebrowser-dracula-theme[Dracula]
- https://gitlab.com/lovetocode999/selenized-qutebrowser[Selenized]
- https://github.com/morhetz/gruvbox[gruvbox]: https://github.com/The-Compiler/dotfiles/blob/master/qutebrowser/gruvbox.py[The-Compiler], https://gitlab.com/shaneyost/dots-popos-september-2020/-/blob/master/qutebrowser/config.py[Shane Yost]
- https://www.opencode.net/wakellor957/qb-breath/-/blob/main/qb-breath.py[Manjaro Breath-like]

Avoiding flake8 errors
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you use an editor with flake8 and pylint integration, it may have some
complaints about invalid names, undefined variables, or missing docstrings.
You can silence those with:

[source,python]
----
# pylint: disable=C0111
c = c  # noqa: F821 pylint: disable=E0602,C0103
config = config  # noqa: F821 pylint: disable=E0602,C0103
----

For type annotation support (note that those imports aren't guaranteed to be
stable across qutebrowser versions):

[source,python]
----
# pylint: disable=C0111
from qutebrowser.config.configfiles import ConfigAPI  # noqa: F401
from qutebrowser.config.config import ConfigContainer  # noqa: F401
config: ConfigAPI = config  # noqa: F821 pylint: disable=E0602,C0103
c: ConfigContainer = c  # noqa: F821 pylint: disable=E0602,C0103
----

emacs-like config
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Various emacs/conkeror-like keybinding configs exist:

- https://gitlab.com/jgkamat/qutemacs/blob/master/qutemacs.py[jgkamat]
- https://gitlab.com/Kaligule/qutebrowser-emacs-config/blob/master/config.py[Kaligule]
- https://me0w.net/pit/1540882719[nm0i]
- https://www.reddit.com/r/qutebrowser/comments/eh10i7/config_share_qute_with_emacs_keybindings/[jasonsun0310]

It's also mostly possible to get rid of modal keybindings by setting
`input.insert_mode.auto_enter` to `false`, and `input.forward_unbound_keys` to
`all`.

Other resources
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

- https://www.ii.com/qutebrowser-tips-fragments/[Infinite Ink: qutebrowser Tips and Fragments]
- https://www.ii.com/qutebrowser-configpy/[Infinite Ink: qutebrowser’s Template config.py]