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my $string = "alphaBETA";
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print uc($string), "\n"; # => "ALPHABETA"
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print lc($string), "\n"; # => "alphabeta"
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$string =~ tr/[a-z][A-Z]/[A-Z][a-z]/; print "$string\n"; # => ALPHAbeta
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print ucfirst($string), "\n"; # => "AlphaBETA"
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print lcfirst("FOObar"), "\n"; # => "fOObar"
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