BEGIN {
str = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
n = 12
m = 5
print substr(str, n, m)
print substr(str, n)
print substr(str, 1, length(str) - 1)
print substr(str, index(str, "q"), m)
print substr(str, index(str, "pq"), m)
}