cStr = "a":"h" # 'abcdefgh' n = 3 m = 3 # starting from n characters in and of m length See substr(cStr,n, m) + nl #=> cde # starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string See substr(cStr,n) + nl #=> cdefgh # whole string minus last character See substr(cstr,1,len(cStr)-1) + nl #=> abcdefg # starting from a known character within the string and of m length See substr(cStr,substr(cStr,"e"),m) +nl #=> efg # starting from a known substring within the string and of m length See substr(cStr,substr(cStr,"de"),m) +nl #=> def