s <- "abcdefgh" n <- 2; m <- 2; char <- 'd'; chars <- 'cd' substring(s, n, n + m) substring(s, n) substring(s, 1, nchar(s)-1) indx <- which(strsplit(s, '')[[1]] %in% strsplit(char, '')[[1]]) substring(s, indx, indx + m) indx <- which(strsplit(s, '')[[1]] %in% strsplit(chars, '')[[1]])[1] substring(s, indx, indx + m)