import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; public class PValueCorrection { private static int[] seqLen(int start, int end) { int[] result; if (start == end) { result = new int[end + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) { result[i] = i + 1; } } else if (start < end) { result = new int[end - start + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) { result[i] = start + i; } } else { result = new int[start - end + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) { result[i] = start - i; } } return result; } private static int[] order(double[] array, boolean decreasing) { int size = array.length; int[] idx = new int[size]; double[] baseArr = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { baseArr[i] = array[i]; idx[i] = i; } Comparator cmp; if (!decreasing) { cmp = Comparator.comparingDouble(a -> baseArr[a]); } else { cmp = (a, b) -> Double.compare(baseArr[b], baseArr[a]); } return Arrays.stream(idx) .boxed() .sorted(cmp) .mapToInt(a -> a) .toArray(); } private static double[] cummin(double[] array) { if (array.length < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("cummin requires at least one element"); double[] output = new double[array.length]; double cumulativeMin = array[0]; for (int i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) { if (array[i] < cumulativeMin) cumulativeMin = array[i]; output[i] = cumulativeMin; } return output; } private static double[] cummax(double[] array) { if (array.length < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("cummax requires at least one element"); double[] output = new double[array.length]; double cumulativeMax = array[0]; for (int i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) { if (array[i] > cumulativeMax) cumulativeMax = array[i]; output[i] = cumulativeMax; } return output; } private static double[] pminx(double[] array, double x) { if (array.length < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pmin requires at least one element"); double[] result = new double[array.length]; for (int i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) { if (array[i] < x) { result[i] = array[i]; } else { result[i] = x; } } return result; } private static void doubleSay(double[] array) { System.out.printf("[ 1] %e", array[0]); for (int i = 1; i < array.length; ++i) { System.out.printf(" %.10f", array[i]); if ((i + 1) % 5 == 0) System.out.printf("\n[%2d]", i + 1); } System.out.println(); } private static double[] intToDouble(int[] array) { double[] result = new double[array.length]; for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { result[i] = array[i]; } return result; } private static double doubleArrayMin(double[] array) { if (array.length < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pAdjust requires at least one element"); return Arrays.stream(array).min().orElse(Double.NaN); } private static double[] pAdjust(double[] pvalues, String str) { int size = pvalues.length; if (size < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pAdjust requires at least one element"); int type; switch (str.toLowerCase()) { case "bh": case "fdr": type = 0; break; case "by": type = 1; break; case "bonferroni": type = 2; break; case "hochberg": type = 3; break; case "holm": type = 4; break; case "hommel": type = 5; break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException(str + " doesn't match any accepted FDR types"); } if (type == 2) { // Bonferroni method double[] result = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { double b = pvalues[i] * size; if (b >= 1) { result[i] = 1; } else if (0 <= b && b < 1) { result[i] = b; } else { throw new RuntimeException("" + b + " is outside [0, 1)"); } } return result; } else if (type == 4) { // Holm method int[] o = order(pvalues, false); double[] o2Double = intToDouble(o); double[] cummaxInput = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { cummaxInput[i] = (size - i) * pvalues[o[i]]; } int[] ro = order(o2Double, false); double[] cummaxOutput = cummax(cummaxInput); double[] pmin = pminx(cummaxOutput, 1.0); double[] result = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { result[i] = pmin[ro[i]]; } return result; } else if (type == 5) { int[] indices = seqLen(size, size); int[] o = order(pvalues, false); double[] p = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { p[i] = pvalues[o[i]]; } double[] o2Double = intToDouble(o); int[] ro = order(o2Double, false); double[] q = new double[size]; double[] pa = new double[size]; double[] npi = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { npi[i] = p[i] * size / indices[i]; } double min = doubleArrayMin(npi); Arrays.fill(q, min); Arrays.fill(pa, min); for (int j = size; j >= 2; --j) { int[] ij = seqLen(1, size - j + 1); for (int i = 0; i < size - j + 1; ++i) { ij[i]--; } int i2Length = j - 1; int[] i2 = new int[i2Length]; for (int i = 0; i < i2Length; ++i) { i2[i] = size - j + 2 + i - 1; } double q1 = j * p[i2[0]] / 2.0; for (int i = 1; i < i2Length; ++i) { double temp_q1 = p[i2[i]] * j / (2.0 + i); if (temp_q1 < q1) q1 = temp_q1; } for (int i = 0; i < size - j + 1; ++i) { q[ij[i]] = Math.min(p[ij[i]] * j, q1); } for (int i = 0; i < i2Length; ++i) { q[i2[i]] = q[size - j]; } for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { if (pa[i] < q[i]) { pa[i] = q[i]; } } } for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { q[i] = pa[ro[i]]; } return q; } double[] ni = new double[size]; int[] o = order(pvalues, true); double[] oDouble = intToDouble(o); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { if (pvalues[i] < 0 || pvalues[i] > 1) { throw new RuntimeException("array[" + i + "] = " + pvalues[i] + " is outside [0, 1]"); } ni[i] = (double) size / (size - i); } int[] ro = order(oDouble, false); double[] cumminInput = new double[size]; if (type == 0) { // BH method for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { cumminInput[i] = ni[i] * pvalues[o[i]]; } } else if (type == 1) { // BY method double q = 0; for (int i = 1; i < size + 1; ++i) { q += 1.0 / i; } for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { cumminInput[i] = q * ni[i] * pvalues[o[i]]; } } else if (type == 3) { // Hochberg method for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { cumminInput[i] = (i + 1) * pvalues[o[i]]; } } double[] cumminArray = cummin(cumminInput); double[] pmin = pminx(cumminArray, 1.0); double[] result = new double[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { result[i] = pmin[ro[i]]; } return result; } public static void main(String[] args) { double[] pvalues = new double[]{ 4.533744e-01, 7.296024e-01, 9.936026e-02, 9.079658e-02, 1.801962e-01, 8.752257e-01, 2.922222e-01, 9.115421e-01, 4.355806e-01, 5.324867e-01, 4.926798e-01, 5.802978e-01, 3.485442e-01, 7.883130e-01, 2.729308e-01, 8.502518e-01, 4.268138e-01, 6.442008e-01, 3.030266e-01, 5.001555e-02, 3.194810e-01, 7.892933e-01, 9.991834e-01, 1.745691e-01, 9.037516e-01, 1.198578e-01, 3.966083e-01, 1.403837e-02, 7.328671e-01, 6.793476e-02, 4.040730e-03, 3.033349e-04, 1.125147e-02, 2.375072e-02, 5.818542e-04, 3.075482e-04, 8.251272e-03, 1.356534e-03, 1.360696e-02, 3.764588e-04, 1.801145e-05, 2.504456e-07, 3.310253e-02, 9.427839e-03, 8.791153e-04, 2.177831e-04, 9.693054e-04, 6.610250e-05, 2.900813e-02, 5.735490e-03 }; double[][] correctAnswers = new double[][]{ new double[]{ // Benjamini-Hochberg 6.126681e-01, 8.521710e-01, 1.987205e-01, 1.891595e-01, 3.217789e-01, 9.301450e-01, 4.870370e-01, 9.301450e-01, 6.049731e-01, 6.826753e-01, 6.482629e-01, 7.253722e-01, 5.280973e-01, 8.769926e-01, 4.705703e-01, 9.241867e-01, 6.049731e-01, 7.856107e-01, 4.887526e-01, 1.136717e-01, 4.991891e-01, 8.769926e-01, 9.991834e-01, 3.217789e-01, 9.301450e-01, 2.304958e-01, 5.832475e-01, 3.899547e-02, 8.521710e-01, 1.476843e-01, 1.683638e-02, 2.562902e-03, 3.516084e-02, 6.250189e-02, 3.636589e-03, 2.562902e-03, 2.946883e-02, 6.166064e-03, 3.899547e-02, 2.688991e-03, 4.502862e-04, 1.252228e-05, 7.881555e-02, 3.142613e-02, 4.846527e-03, 2.562902e-03, 4.846527e-03, 1.101708e-03, 7.252032e-02, 2.205958e-02 }, new double[]{ // Benjamini & Yekutieli 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 8.940844e-01, 8.510676e-01, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 5.114323e-01, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.754486e-01, 1.000000e+00, 6.644618e-01, 7.575031e-02, 1.153102e-02, 1.581959e-01, 2.812089e-01, 1.636176e-02, 1.153102e-02, 1.325863e-01, 2.774239e-02, 1.754486e-01, 1.209832e-02, 2.025930e-03, 5.634031e-05, 3.546073e-01, 1.413926e-01, 2.180552e-02, 1.153102e-02, 2.180552e-02, 4.956812e-03, 3.262838e-01, 9.925057e-02 }, new double[]{ // Bonferroni 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 7.019185e-01, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 2.020365e-01, 1.516674e-02, 5.625735e-01, 1.000000e+00, 2.909271e-02, 1.537741e-02, 4.125636e-01, 6.782670e-02, 6.803480e-01, 1.882294e-02, 9.005725e-04, 1.252228e-05, 1.000000e+00, 4.713920e-01, 4.395577e-02, 1.088915e-02, 4.846527e-02, 3.305125e-03, 1.000000e+00, 2.867745e-01 }, new double[]{ // Hochberg 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 4.632662e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 1.575885e-01, 1.383967e-02, 3.938014e-01, 7.600230e-01, 2.501973e-02, 1.383967e-02, 3.052971e-01, 5.426136e-02, 4.626366e-01, 1.656419e-02, 8.825610e-04, 1.252228e-05, 9.930759e-01, 3.394022e-01, 3.692284e-02, 1.023581e-02, 3.974152e-02, 3.172920e-03, 8.992520e-01, 2.179486e-01 }, new double[]{ // Holm 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 4.632662e-01, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.575885e-01, 1.395341e-02, 3.938014e-01, 7.600230e-01, 2.501973e-02, 1.395341e-02, 3.052971e-01, 5.426136e-02, 4.626366e-01, 1.656419e-02, 8.825610e-04, 1.252228e-05, 9.930759e-01, 3.394022e-01, 3.692284e-02, 1.023581e-02, 3.974152e-02, 3.172920e-03, 8.992520e-01, 2.179486e-01 }, new double[]{ // Hommel 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.987624e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.595180e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.991834e-01, 4.351895e-01, 9.991834e-01, 9.766522e-01, 1.414256e-01, 1.304340e-02, 3.530937e-01, 6.887709e-01, 2.385602e-02, 1.322457e-02, 2.722920e-01, 5.426136e-02, 4.218158e-01, 1.581127e-02, 8.825610e-04, 1.252228e-05, 8.743649e-01, 3.016908e-01, 3.516461e-02, 9.582456e-03, 3.877222e-02, 3.172920e-03, 8.122276e-01, 1.950067e-01 } }; String[] types = new String[]{"bh", "by", "bonferroni", "hochberg", "holm", "hommel"}; for (int type = 0; type < types.length; ++type) { double[] q = pAdjust(pvalues, types[type]); double error = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < pvalues.length; ++i) { error += Math.abs(q[i] - correctAnswers[type][i]); } doubleSay(q); System.out.printf("\ntype %d = '%s' has a cumulative error of %g\n", type, types[type], error); } } }