$table = (
    (0, 3, 1, 7, 5, 9, 8, 6, 4, 2),
    (7, 0, 9, 2, 1, 5, 4, 8, 6, 3),
    (4, 2, 0, 6, 8, 7, 1, 3, 5, 9),
    (1, 7, 5, 0, 9, 8, 3, 4, 2, 6),
    (6, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8),
    (3, 6, 7, 4, 2, 0, 9, 5, 8, 1),
    (5, 8, 6, 9, 7, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4),
    (8, 9, 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, 0, 1, 7),
    (9, 4, 3, 8, 6, 1, 7, 2, 0, 5),
    (2, 5, 8, 1, 4, 3, 6, 7, 9, 0)
)

function Test-Damm([string]$s) {
    $interim = 0
    foreach ($c in $s.ToCharArray()) {
        $interim = $table[$interim][[int]$c - [int][char]'0']
    }
    return $interim -eq 0
}

foreach ($number in 5724, 5727, 112946, 112949) {
    $validity = if (Test-Damm $number) {'valid'} else {'invalid'}
    '{0,6} is {1}' -f $number, $validity
}