from math import floor, ceil, sqrt def area_scan(prec, circs): def sect((cx, cy, r), y): dr = sqrt(r ** 2 - (y - cy) ** 2) return (cx - dr, cx + dr) ys = [a[1] + a[2] for a in circs] + [a[1] - a[2] for a in circs] mins = int(floor(min(ys) / prec)) maxs = int(ceil(max(ys) / prec)) total = 0 for y in (prec * x for x in xrange(mins, maxs + 1)): right = -float("inf") for (x0, x1) in sorted(sect((cx, cy, r), y) for (cx, cy, r) in circs if abs(y - cr) < r): if x1 <= right: continue total += x1 - max(x0, right) right = x1 return total * prec def main(): circles = [ ( 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516), (-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836), ( 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485), ( 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054), (-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219), ( 1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711), (-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941), (-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918), (-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537), ( 0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187), (-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688), ( 1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452), ( 1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378), ( 1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562), (-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068), (-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474), (-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828), ( 1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347), (-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831), (-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588), ( 0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165), (-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282), ( 1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538), (-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096), ( 0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985)] p = 1e-3 print "@stepsize", p, "area = %.4f" % area_scan(p, circles) main()