def reverseString(s: String) = { import java.lang.Character._ val combiningTypes = List(NON_SPACING_MARK, ENCLOSING_MARK, COMBINING_SPACING_MARK) def isCombiningCharacter(c: Char) = combiningTypes contains c.getType def isCombiningSurrogate(high: Char, low: Char) = combiningTypes contains getType(toCodePoint(high, low)) def isCombining(l: List[Char]) = l match { case List(a, b) => isCombiningSurrogate(a, b) case List(a) => isCombiningCharacter(a) case Nil => true case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException("isCombining expects a list of up to two characters") } def cleanSurrogate(l: List[Char]) = l match { case List(a, b) if a.isHighSurrogate && b.isLowSurrogate => l case List(a, b) if a.isLowSurrogate => Nil case List(a, b) => List(a) case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException("cleanSurrogate expects lists of two characters, exactly") } def splitString(string: String) = (string+" ").iterator sliding 2 map (_.toList) map cleanSurrogate toList def recurse(fwd: List[List[Char]], rev: List[Char]): String = fwd match { case Nil => rev.mkString case c :: rest => val (combining, remaining) = rest span isCombining recurse(remaining, c ::: combining.foldLeft(List[Char]())(_ ::: _) ::: rev) } recurse(splitString(s), Nil) }