def perm1(n):
    a = list(range(n))
    def sub(i):
        if i == n - 1:
            yield tuple(a)
        else:
            for k in range(i, n):
                a[i], a[k] = a[k], a[i]
                yield from sub(i + 1)
                a[i], a[k] = a[k], a[i]
    yield from sub(0)

def perm2(n):
    a = list(range(n))
    def sub(i):
        if i == n - 1:
            yield tuple(a)
        else:
            for k in range(i, n):
                a[i], a[k] = a[k], a[i]
                yield from sub(i + 1)
            x = a[i]
            for k in range(i + 1, n):
                a[k - 1] = a[k]
            a[n - 1] = x
    yield from sub(0)