;use last bit method isOdd = i & 1 ;isOdd is non-zero if i is odd isEven = i & 1 ! 1 ;isEven is non-zero if i is even ;use modular method isOdd = i % 2 ;isOdd is non-zero if i is odd isEven = i % 2 ! 1 ;isEven is non-zero if i is even