>>> oct2bin = {'0': '000', '1': '001', '2': '010', '3': '011', '4': '100', '5': '101', '6': '110', '7': '111'} >>> bin = lambda n: ''.join(oct2bin[octdigit] for octdigit in '%o' % n).lstrip('0') or '0' >>> for i in range(16): print(bin(i)) 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111