'''First-class functions''' from math import (acos, cos, asin, sin) from inspect import signature # main :: IO () def main(): '''Composition of several functions.''' pwr = flip(curry(pow)) fs = [sin, cos, pwr(3.0)] ifs = [asin, acos, pwr(1 / 3.0)] print([ f(0.5) for f in zipWith(compose)(fs)(ifs) ]) # GENERIC FUNCTIONS ------------------------------ # compose (<<<) :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c def compose(g): '''Right to left function composition.''' return lambda f: lambda x: g(f(x)) # curry :: ((a, b) -> c) -> a -> b -> c def curry(f): '''A curried function derived from an uncurried function.''' return lambda a: lambda b: f(a, b) # flip :: (a -> b -> c) -> b -> a -> c def flip(f): '''The (curried or uncurried) function f with its two arguments reversed.''' if 1 < len(signature(f).parameters): return lambda a, b: f(b, a) else: return lambda a: lambda b: f(b)(a) # zipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c] def zipWith(f): '''A list constructed by zipping with a custom function, rather than with the default tuple constructor.''' return lambda xs: lambda ys: [ f(a)(b) for (a, b) in zip(xs, ys) ] if __name__ == '__main__': main()