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#Front-end Developer Job Interview Questions
#JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONAIRRE
@version 1.0
##Contributors
@ajpiano (http://ajpiano.com/), @paul_irish (http://paulirish.com/), @SlexAxton (http://alexsexton.com/), @boazsender (http://boazsender.com/), @vladikoff (http://vladfilippov.com/), @gf3 (http://gf3.ca/) and @darcy_clarke (http://darcyclarke.me)
@ajpiano (http://ajpiano.com/), @paul_irish (http://paulirish.com/), @SlexAxton (http://alexsexton.com/), @boazsender (http://boazsender.com/), @vladikoff (http://vladfilippov.com/), @gf3 (http://gf3.ca/) and @darcy_clarke (http://darcyclarke.me)
## General Questions:
* Are you on Twitter?
* If so, who do you follow on Twitter?
* Are you on Github?
* If so, what are some examples of repos you follow
* What blogs do you follow?
* What version control systems have you used?
* What is your preferred development enviroment? (OS, Editor, Browsers, Tools etc.)
* Can you describe your workflow when you create a web page?
* Can you describe the difference between progressive enhancement and graceful degredation?
* Bonus points for the answer "no one can"
* Extra bonus points for describing feature detection
* Explain what "Semantic HTML" means.
* What does "minification" do?
* Why is it better to serve site assets from multiple domains?
* How many resources will a browser download from a given domain at a time?
* If you have 8 different stylesheets for a given design, how would you integrate them into the site?
* Looking for file concatenation.
* Points off for `@import`, unless it works in conjunction with a build system.
* If you jumped on a project and they used tabs and you used spaces, what would you do?
* `issue :retab! command`
* Write a simple slideshow page
* Bonus points if it does not use JS.
* What tools do you use to test your code's performance?
* If you could master one technology this year, what would it be?
* Name 3 ways to decrease page load. (perceived or actual load time)
* Explain the importance of standards.
## HTML-Specific Questions:
* What's a `doctype` do, and how many can you name?
* What's the difference between standards mode and quirks mode?
* What are the limitations when serving XHTML pages?
* Are there any problems with serving pages as `application/xhtml+xml`?
* How do you serve a page with content in multiple languages?
* Can you use XHTML syntax in HTML5? How do you use XML in HTML5?
* What are `data-` attributes good for?
* What are the content models in HTML4 and are they different in HTML5?
* Consider HTML5 as an open web platform. What are the building blocks of HTML5?
* Describe the difference between cookies, sessionStorage and localStorage.
## JS-Specific Questions
* Which JavaScript libraries have you used?
* How is JavaScript different from Java?
* What are `undefined` and `undeclared` variables?
* What is a closure, and how/why would you use one?
* Your favorite pattern used to create them? argyle (Only applicable to IIFEs)
* What's a typical use case for anonymous functions?
* Explain the "JavaScript module pattern" and when you'd use it.
* Bonus points for mentioning clean namespacing.
* What if your modules are namespace-less?
* how do you organize your code? (module pattern, classical inheritance?)
* What's the difference between host objects and native objects?
* Difference between:
```javascript
function Person(){} var person = Person() var person = new Person()
```
* What's the difference between `.call` and `.apply`?
* explain `Function.prototype.bind`?
* When do you optimize your code?
* Can you explain how inheritance works in JavaScript?
* Bonus points for the funny answer: "no one can"
* Extra bonus points if they take a stab at explaining it
* When would you use `document.write()`?
* Correct answer: 1999 - time to weed out the junior devs
* What's the difference between feature detection, feature inference, and using the UA string
* Explain AJAX in as much detail as possible
* Explain how JSONP works (and how it's not really AJAX)
* Have you ever used JavaScript templating, and if so, what/how?
* Explain "hoisting".
* What is FOUC? How do you avoid FOUC?
* Describe event bubbling.
* What's the difference between an "attribute" and a "property"?
* Why is extending built in JavaScript objects not a good idea?
* Why is extending built ins a good idea?
* Difference between document load event and document ready event?
* What is the difference between `==` and `===`?
* Explain how you would get a query string parameter from the browser window's URL.
* Explain the same-origin policy with regards to JavaScript.
* Explain event delegation.
* Describe inheritance patterns in JavaScript.
* Make this work:
```javascript
[1,2,3,4,5].duplicator(); // [1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5]
```
* Describe a strategy for memoization in JavaScript.
* Why is it called a Ternary statement, what does the word "Ternary" indicate?
* What is the arity of a function?
## JS-Code Examples:
```javascript
>~~3.14
Question: What value is returned from the above statement?
**Answer: 3**
```javascript
"i'm a lasagna hog".split("").reverse().join("");
```
Question: What value is returned from the above statement?
**Answer: "goh angasal a m'i"**
```javascript
( window.foo || ( window.foo = "bar" ) );
```
Question: What is the value of window.foo?
**Answer: "bar"**
```javascript
var foo = "Hello"; (function() { var bar = " World"; alert(foo + bar); })(); alert(foo + bar);
```
Question: What is the outcome of the two alerts above?
**Answer: "Hello World" & ReferenceError: bar is not defined**
## jQuery-Specific Questions:
* Explain "chaining".
* What does `.end()` do?
* How, and why, would you namespace a bound event handler?
* What is the effects (or fx) queue?
* What is the difference between `.get()`, `[]`, and `.eq()`?
* What is the difference between `.bind()`, `.live()`, and `.delegate()`?
* What is the difference between `$` and `$.fn`? Or just what is `$.fn`.
* Optimize this selector:
```javascript
$(".foo div#bar:eq(0)")
```
## CSS-Specific Questions:
* Describe what a "reset" CSS file does and how it's useful.
* Describe Floats and how they work.
* What are the various clearing techniques and which is appropriate for what context?
* Explain CSS sprites, and how you would implement them on a page or site.
* What are the differences between the IE box model and the W3C box model?
* What are your favourite image replacement techniques and which do you use when?
* CSS property hacks, conditionally included .css files, or... something else?
* How do you serve your pages for feature-constrained browsers?
* What techniques/processes do you use?
* What are the different ways to visually hide content (and make it available only for screenreaders)?
* Have you ever used a grid system, and if so, what do you prefer?
* Hav you used or implement media queries or mobile specific layouts/CSS?
* Any familiarity with styling SVG?
* How do you optimize your webpages for print?
* What are some of the "gotchas" for writing efficient CSS?
* Do you use LESS?
* How would you implement a web design comp that uses non-standard fonts? (avoid mentioning webfonts so they can figure it out)
* Explain how a browser determines what elements match a CSS selector?
## Optional fun Questions:
* What's the coolest thing you've ever coded, what are you most proud of?
* Do you know the HTML5 gang sign?
* Are you now, or have you ever been, on a boat.
* Tell me your favorite parts about Firebug / Webkit Inspector.
* Do you have any pet projects? What kind?
* Explain the significance of "cornify".
* On a piece of paper, write down the letters A B C D E vertically. Now put these in descending order without writing one line of code.
* Wait and see if they turn the paper upside down
* This should make the laugh and is a fine way to relieve some tension at the end of the interview.
* Pirate or Ninja?
* Bonus if it's a combo and a good reason was given (+2 for zombie monkey pirate ninjas)
* If not Web Development what would you be doing?
* Where in the world is Carmen Sandiego? (hint: they'e answer is always wrong)
* What's your favorite feature of Internet Explorer?

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#JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONAIRRE
## General Questions:
* Are you on Twitter?
* If so, who do you follow on Twitter?
* Are you on Github?
* If so, what are some examples of repos you follow
* What blogs do you follow?
* What version control systems have you used?
* What is your preferred development enviroment? (OS, Editor, Browsers, Tools etc.)
* Can you describe your workflow when you create a web page?
* Can you describe the difference between progressive enhancement and graceful degredation?
* Bonus points for the answer "no one can"
* Extra bonus points for describing feature detection
* Explain what "Semantic HTML" means.
* What does "minification" do?
* Why is it better to serve site assets from multiple domains?
* How many resources will a browser download from a given domain at a time?
* If you have 8 different stylesheets for a given design, how would you integrate them into the site?
* Looking for file concatenation.
* Points off for `@import`, unless it works in conjunction with a build system.
* If you jumped on a project and they used tabs and you used spaces, what would you do?
* `issue :retab! command`
* Write a simple slideshow page
* Bonus points if it does not use JS.
* What tools do you use to test your code's performance?
* If you could master one technology this year, what would it be?
* Name 3 ways to decrease page load. (perceived or actual load time)
* Explain the importance of standards.
## HTML-Specific Questions:
* What's a `doctype` do, and how many can you name?
* What's the difference between standards mode and quirks mode?
* What are the limitations when serving XHTML pages?
* Are there any problems with serving pages as `application/xhtml+xml`?
* How do you serve a page with content in multiple languages?
* Can you use XHTML syntax in HTML5? How do you use XML in HTML5?
* What are `data-` attributes good for?
* What are the content models in HTML4 and are they different in HTML5?
* Consider HTML5 as an open web platform. What are the building blocks of HTML5?
* Describe the difference between cookies, sessionStorage and localStorage.
## JS-Specific Questions
* Which JavaScript libraries have you used?
* How is JavaScript different from Java?
* What are `undefined` and `undeclared` variables?
* What is a closure, and how/why would you use one?
* Your favorite pattern used to create them? argyle (Only applicable to IIFEs)
* What's a typical use case for anonymous functions?
* Explain the "JavaScript module pattern" and when you'd use it.
* Bonus points for mentioning clean namespacing.
* What if your modules are namespace-less?
* how do you organize your code? (module pattern, classical inheritance?)
* What's the difference between host objects and native objects?
* Difference between:
```javascript
function Person(){} var person = Person() var person = new Person()
```
* What's the difference between `.call` and `.apply`?
* explain `Function.prototype.bind`?
* When do you optimize your code?
* Can you explain how inheritance works in JavaScript?
* Bonus points for the funny answer: "no one can"
* Extra bonus points if they take a stab at explaining it
* When would you use `document.write()`?
* Correct answer: 1999 - time to weed out the junior devs
* What's the difference between feature detection, feature inference, and using the UA string
* Explain AJAX in as much detail as possible
* Explain how JSONP works (and how it's not really AJAX)
* Have you ever used JavaScript templating, and if so, what/how?
* Explain "hoisting".
* What is FOUC? How do you avoid FOUC?
* Describe event bubbling.
* What's the difference between an "attribute" and a "property"?
* Why is extending built in JavaScript objects not a good idea?
* Why is extending built ins a good idea?
* Difference between document load event and document ready event?
* What is the difference between `==` and `===`?
* Explain how you would get a query string parameter from the browser window's URL.
* Explain the same-origin policy with regards to JavaScript.
* Explain event delegation.
* Describe inheritance patterns in JavaScript.
* Make this work:
```javascript
[1,2,3,4,5].duplicator(); // [1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5]
```
* Describe a strategy for memoization in JavaScript.
* Why is it called a Ternary statement, what does the word "Ternary" indicate?
* What is the arity of a function?
## JS-Code Examples:
```javascript
>~~3.14
Question: What value is returned from the above statement?
**Answer: 3**
```javascript
"i'm a lasagna hog".split("").reverse().join("");
```
Question: What value is returned from the above statement?
**Answer: "goh angasal a m'i"**
```javascript
( window.foo || ( window.foo = "bar" ) );
```
Question: What is the value of window.foo?
**Answer: "bar"**
```javascript
var foo = "Hello"; (function() { var bar = " World"; alert(foo + bar); })(); alert(foo + bar);
```
Question: What is the outcome of the two alerts above?
**Answer: "Hello World" & ReferenceError: bar is not defined**
## jQuery-Specific Questions:
* Explain "chaining".
* What does `.end()` do?
* How, and why, would you namespace a bound event handler?
* What is the effects (or fx) queue?
* What is the difference between `.get()`, `[]`, and `.eq()`?
* What is the difference between `.bind()`, `.live()`, and `.delegate()`?
* What is the difference between `$` and `$.fn`? Or just what is `$.fn`.
* Optimize this selector:
```javascript
$(".foo div#bar:eq(0)")
```
## CSS-Specific Questions:
* Describe what a "reset" CSS file does and how it's useful.
* Describe Floats and how they work.
* What are the various clearing techniques and which is appropriate for what context?
* Explain CSS sprites, and how you would implement them on a page or site.
* What are the differences between the IE box model and the W3C box model?
* What are your favourite image replacement techniques and which do you use when?
* CSS property hacks, conditionally included .css files, or... something else?
* How do you serve your pages for feature-constrained browsers?
* What techniques/processes do you use?
* What are the different ways to visually hide content (and make it available only for screenreaders)?
* Have you ever used a grid system, and if so, what do you prefer?
* Hav you used or implement media queries or mobile specific layouts/CSS?
* Any familiarity with styling SVG?
* How do you optimize your webpages for print?
* What are some of the "gotchas" for writing efficient CSS?
* Do you use LESS?
* How would you implement a web design comp that uses non-standard fonts? (avoid mentioning webfonts so they can figure it out)
* Explain how a browser determines what elements match a CSS selector?
## Optional fun Questions:
* What's the coolest thing you've ever coded, what are you most proud of?
* Do you know the HTML5 gang sign?
* Are you now, or have you ever been, on a boat.
* Tell me your favorite parts about Firebug / Webkit Inspector.
* Do you have any pet projects? What kind?
* Explain the significance of "cornify".
* On a piece of paper, write down the letters A B C D E vertically. Now put these in descending order without writing one line of code.
* Wait and see if they turn the paper upside down
* This should make the laugh and is a fine way to relieve some tension at the end of the interview.
* Pirate or Ninja?
* Bonus if it's a combo and a good reason was given (+2 for zombie monkey pirate ninjas)
* If not Web Development what would you be doing?
* Where in the world is Carmen Sandiego? (hint: they'e answer is always wrong)
* What's your favorite feature of Internet Explorer?